{"id":12855,"date":"2019-07-13T22:02:00","date_gmt":"2019-07-13T14:02:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/172-105-121-241.ip.linodeusercontent.com\/?p=12855"},"modified":"2023-10-24T11:08:20","modified_gmt":"2023-10-24T03:08:20","slug":"%d0%bf%d0%be%d1%81%d1%82-%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%bc%d0%bc%d1%83%d0%bd%d0%b8%d0%b7%d0%bc%d1%8b%d0%bd-%d1%8d%d0%bc%d0%b7%d1%8d%d0%b3-%d1%86%d1%8d%d0%b3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jargaldefacto.com\/?p=12855&lang=ko","title":{"rendered":"\ud3ec\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uacf5\uc0b0\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc57d\uc810"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

VULNERABLE POINT OF POST-COMMUNISM<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

 <\/strong>\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub85c \uc804\ud658\ub41c \uc774\ud6c4\ub85c \ubd80\uc815\ubd80\ud328\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ub41c \uc0ac\uac74\ub4e4\uc774 \uc6b0\ub9ac \uc0ac\ud68c\uc640 \uc815\uce58 \ud658\uacbd\uc744 \uc815\uc758\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub1cc\ubb3c\uc744 \ube44\ub86f\ud558\uc5ec \uad8c\ub825\uacfc \uace0\uc704\uacf5\uc9c1\uc758 \uac70\ub798 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \ubd80\uc870\ub9ac\ub97c \ud1b5\uc0c1\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubd80\uc815\ubd80\ud328\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub974\uace0 \uc788\uace0, \uc774\ub97c \uc5c6\uc560\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ud574\uacb0\ucc45\uc744 \ubaa8\uc0c9\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc624\ub298\ub0a0\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub800\ub2e4. \ubd80\uc815\ubd80\ud328\ub294 \ud615\ud0dc\uc640 \ubaa8\uc591\uc774 \ub2e4\uc591\ud558\uba70, \uac01\uac01 \ub2e4\ub978 \ud574\uacb0 \ubc29\ubc95\uc774 \uc694\uad6c\ub41c\ub2e4. \ubabd\uace8\ucc98\ub7fc \uacbd\uc81c\uac00 \uc57d\ud55c \uac1c\ubc1c\ub3c4\uc0c1\uad6d\uc5d0 \uac00\uc7a5 \ud070 \ub3c4\uc804\uc774 \ub418\ub294 \ubd80\uc815\ubd80\ud328\ub97c \ud504\ub79c\uc2dc\uc2a4 \ud6c4\ucfe0\uc57c\ub9c8\uac00 2\uac00\uc9c0 \ud604\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ub204\uc5b4 \uc124\uba85\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uccab \ubc88\uc9f8\ub294, \uc815\ubd80\uc758 \uc5ec\ub7ec\uac00\uc9c0 \ub77c\uc774\uc13c\uc2a4\uc640 \uaddc\uc815\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud558\uc5ec \uc0dd\uae30\ub294 \uc9c0\ub300\ucd94\uad6c(rent-seeking)\uc774\ub2e4. \uc9c0\ub300\ucd94\uad6c\ub780 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc2e4\uc81c \uc9c0\ucd9c\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud6e8\uc52c \ud070 \uc774\uc775\uc744 \ubcf4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ub9d0\ud558\uba70, \uc774\ub294 \uc9c0\ud558\uc790\uc6d0 \ubd80\uad6d\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uacf5\ud1b5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \ubb38\uc81c\uc774\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uc2dc \ud480\uc5b4\uc11c \ub9d0\ud558\uba74, \ub35c \uace0\uc0dd\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ub9ce\uc740 \uc774\uc775\uc744 \ubcf4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ub80c\ud2b8(\uc9c0\ub300\ucd94\uad6c)\ub77c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc815\ubd80\uc758 \uad8c\ub825\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0 \uc5c6\uc774 \ube44\uc988\ub2c8\uc2a4 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \ucd94\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc744 \uc9c0\ub300\ucd94\uad6c\uc790\ub4e4(rent-seekers)\uc774\ub77c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ub2e4\uc74c\uc740, \ud6c4\uacac\uc8fc\uc758(clientelism)\uc774\ub2e4. \ud6c4\uacac\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \ud074\ub9ac\uc5d4\ud2b8, \uc989 \uace0\uac1d\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub2e8\uc5b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\ub798\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \ube44\uc988\ub2c8\uc2a4 \ub3d9\uc5c5\uc790\ub85c\uc11c \uc815\uce58 \uad8c\ub825\uc744 \ud68d\ub4dd\ud55c \ub2e4\uc74c \uace0\uac1d\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ud61c\ud0dd\uc744 \uc8fc\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4. \ubabd\uace8\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd5c\uadfc \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub294 600\uc5b5 \ud22c\uadf8\ub9ad\uc758 \uace0\uc704\uc9c1 \uac70\ub798\uc640 \uc911\uc18c\uae30\uc5c5\uc9c0\uc6d0\uae30\uae08 \uc790\uae08\uc744 \uad6d\ud68c\uc758\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc774 \uc720\uc6a9\ud55c \uc0ac\uac74 \ub4f1\uc740 \ud6c4\uacac\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \ubabd\uace8\uc5d0\uc11c \ud655\ub300\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc900\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \uac00\uaca9\uaddc\uc81c \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8, \uac1c\ubc1c\uc740\ud589 \ub300\ucd9c, \uc591\ud5c8\uacc4\uc57d \ub4f1\uc758 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc815\ucc45\uc870\uce58\ub4e4\uc774 \ud6c4\uacac\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc815\ub9ac\ud558\uba74, \ud604\uc7ac \ubabd\uace8 \uc815\uce58\ud658\uacbd\uc740 \ud6c4\uacac\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uce58\ub77c\uace0 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc80a\uc740<\/strong> <\/strong>\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758<\/strong> <\/strong>\uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ub2f9\uc5f0\ud788 \ud6c4\uacac\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. 19\uc138\uae30 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9d1\uad8c\ub2f9\uc774 \uacf5\uc9c1\uc744 \ub098\ub204\uc5b4 \ud30c\ub294 \ud6c4\uacac\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \uad00\ub840\ud654\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uace0\uc704\uacf5\uc9c1\uc744 \uc8fc\uaca0\ub2e4\ub294 \uc57d\uc18d\uc744 \uc9c0\ud0a4\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uc0c8\ub85c \uc120\ucd9c\ub41c \ub300\ud1b5\ub839 \uc81c\uc784\uc2a4 \uac00\ud544\ub4dc\uac00 \uc554\uc0b4\ub2f9\ud558\uae30\ub3c4 \ud588\ub2e4. \ub3d9 \uc0ac\uac74\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uba54\ub9ac\ud2b8 \uc6d0\uce59\uc744 \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c \uacf5\uc9c1\ubc95\uc774 \ud1b5\uacfc\ub418\uc5b4 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uac70\ub798\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uacf5\uc9c1\uc744 \ubcf4\ud638\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \uc624\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub9ac\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c 20\uc138\uae30 \uc9c0\ubc29\uc758 \ud559\uad50 \ubc0f \uc720\uce58\uc6d0\uc758 \uad50\uc7a5\uacfc \uc6d0\uc7a5\uc744 \ube44\ub86f\ud558\uc5ec \uace0\uc704\uc9c1\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub450 \uac1c \uc815\ub2f9\uc774 \ub098\ub220 \ubc30\uc815\ubc1b\ub294 \u2018\ube44\ub840\u2019 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc774 \ud655\uc0b0\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc0ac\ub840\ub4e4\uc740 \ud604\uc7ac \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \ubc1c\uc804\ub41c \ub098\ub77c\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uacfc\uac70\uc5d0 \ud6c4\uacac\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \uacaa\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc900\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ubabd\uace8\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub3c4 \uc0c1\uae30 2\uac00\uc9c0 \ud604\uc0c1\uc774 \ucd5c\uadfc 20\ub144\uac04 \uac70\ubc84\ub10c\uc2a4\uac00 \uc1e0\uc57d\ud55c \uc8fc\ub41c \uc774\uc720\uc774\uba70 \ubc1c\uc804\uc758 \uac78\ub9bc\ub3cc\uc774 \ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc815\ub2f9\uacfc \uc5b8\ub860\uc740 \uad6d\ubbfc\uc758 \uc758\uacac\uc744 \ud45c\ud604\ud558\uace0, \uc5ec\ub860\uc744 \ud615\uc131\ud558\ub294 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ub2f4\ub2f9\ud558\ub294 \uc8fc\uc694 \ucc3d\uad6c\uc774\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ud604\uc7ac \ubabd\uace8 \uc5b8\ub860\uc758 \uc57d 70%\uac00 \uc815\uce58\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \uc18c\uc720\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc815\ub2f9\ub4e4\uc740 \uc5ec\ub860 \ud615\uc131\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc744 \uc8fc\ub294 \ub300\uc2e0 \ud6c4\uacac\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \uc2dc\ud589\ud558\ub294 \uae30\uad00\uc73c\ub85c \ubcc0\ubaa8\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c \uacf5\uacf5 \uac70\ubc84\ub10c\uc2a4\ub97c \uac74\uc804\ud558\uac8c \uc720\uc9c0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc790\uc720 \uacf5\uac04\uc740 \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc0ac\ud68c\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758<\/strong> <\/strong>\uae30\ub465<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uc815\uce58\ud559\uc790 \uc54c\ub809\uc2dc \ub4dc \ud1a0\ud06c\ube4c\uc740 \u2018\ubbf8\uad6d \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\u2019\ub77c\ub294 \uc800\uc791\uc5d0\uc11c \u201c\uc2dc\ubbfc\uc0ac\ud68c\ub294 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \ud615\uc131\ud558\ub294 \uc804\uc81c \uc870\uac74\uc774 \ub418\uba70, \uc5b4\ub5a0\ud55c \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\uc600\uc744 \ub54c \uc2dc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc774 \uc790\ubc1c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e8\uacb0\ud558\uace0, \uc9c0\uc2dd\uacfc \uc815\ubcf4, \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \uacf5\uc720\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ud574\uacb0\ucc45\uc744 \ucc3e\ub294 \uad6c\uc131\uccb4\ub97c \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4\u201d\ub77c\uace0 \uc27d\uac8c \uc815\uc758\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ud604\uc7ac \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc0ac\ud68c\ub780 \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c 3\uac00\uc9c0 \uad8c\ub9ac\ub97c \ud589\uc0ac\ud558\ub294 \uc815\ubd80\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc790\uc720\ub85c\uc6b4 \uacf5\uac04\uc774 \ub41c\ub2e4. \uc774 3\uac00\uc9c0 \uad8c\ub9ac\ub294 \ub2e8\uacb0, \uc9d1\ud68c, \ud45c\ud604\uc758 \uc790\uc720\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uad8c\ub9ac\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc0ac\ud68c\uccb4\uc81c\ub85c \uc804\ud658\ud560 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc778 \uad8c\ub9ac\ub97c \ud5cc\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc7a5\ud588\uc73c\ub098, \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc0ac\ud68c\ub97c \ub300\ud45c\ud558\ub294 NGO\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ubc95\uc740 1997\ub144\uc5d0\uc57c \uc81c\uc815\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ud6c4 \uc624\ub298\uae4c\uc9c0 2\ub9cc\uc5ec \uac1c\uc758 NGO\uac00 \uc0dd\uae34 \uac83\uc740 \uad6d\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc774 \ub2e8\uacb0\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \ud589\uc0ac\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc900\ub2e4. \ube44\ub85d \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \uc22b\uc790\uac00 \ub298\uc5b4\ub0ac\ub2e4 \ud558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc131\uc219\ub3c4 \uba74\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc544\uc9c1\ub3c4 \uc758\ubb38\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

15\ub144 \uc804 \uc138\uacc4\uc2dc\ubbfc\ub2e8\uccb4\uc5f0\ud569(CIVICUS)\uc5d0\uc11c \ubabd\uace8\uc758 \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc0ac\ud68c \uc5ed\ub7c9\uc5d0 \uad00\ud558\uc5ec \ucc98\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \ud3c9\uac00\ud55c \uc801\uc774 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \ub3d9 \ud3c9\uac00\ubcf4\uace0\uc11c\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 \ubabd\uace8 \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc0ac\ud68c\uac00 \uc815\ubd80 \ucc45\uc784 \ucd94\uad81\uacfc \uc815\ubd80\uc815\ucc45\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc601\ud5a5\ub825\uc774 \ub0ae\uc740 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0ac\ub2e4. \uc0ac\uc2e4\ub85c \ubc1d\ud600\uc9c4 \uc2e4\uc81c \ubd80\uc815\ubd80\ud328 \uc0ac\uac74\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc \uadf8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ucc45\uc784 \ucd94\uad81\uc744 \uc81c\ub300\ub85c \uc694\uad6c\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uacf5\uacf5 \uac70\ubc84\ub10c\uc2a4\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\ub825\ub3c4 \uc544\uc9c1\uae4c\uc9c0 \ucda9\ubd84\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud3ec\uc2a4\ud2b8<\/strong> <\/strong>\uacf5\uc0b0\uc8fc\uc758\uc758<\/strong> <\/strong>\uc57d\uc810<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ubabd\uace8\ucc98\ub7fc \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \uae30\ucd08\uac00 \ub9c8\ub828\ub418\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\ub358 \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c\ub85c \uc804\ud658\ub41c \ud3ec\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uacf5\uc0b0\uc8fc\uc758 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\ub3c4 \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \uc0ac\ud68c, \uc815\uce58\uc801\uc778 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \uacaa\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4 \uad6d\uac00\ub294 1990\ub144 \uc774\uc804 \uc77c\uc815 \uae30\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc804\uccb4\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c\ub97c \uacbd\ud5d8\ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70, \uc804\uccb4\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c\ub294 \ubb34\uc5c7\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub3c4 \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc0ac\ud68c\ub97c \uc778\uc815\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \uae30\ucd08\uc870\ucc28 \ub9cc\ubb34\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc815\uce58\ud559\uc790 \ubbf8\uce7c \ud074\ub9ac\ub9c8\ub294 \u2018\uc804\uccb4\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0\uc11c \uacb0\ud568 \uc788\ub294 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub85c\u2019 \ucc45\uc5d0\uc11c \uccb4\ucf54\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd5c\uadfc 25\ub144\uac04 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ud6c4\uacac\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \uc815\ub2f9\uc758 \uc704\uae30\ub97c \uc124\uba85\ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\uac83\uc740 \ubabd\uace8\uacfc \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc778\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \ubd80\uc7ac\uac00 \uccb4\ucf54 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uc804\ud658\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \ud070 \uc57d\uc810\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud3c9\uac00\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"a847e06db3dd0ac7746b7a1c89855a3a.jpg\"\/<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc0c1\ud669\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uc774\uc81c \ub9c9 \ud615\uc131\ub418\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud55c \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \uc791\uc740 \uacf5\uac04\ub9c8\uc800 \uc81c\ud55c\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uc2dc\ub3c4\uac00 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub85c \uc804\ud658\ub41c \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4 \uc911 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc548\uc815\ub41c \uad6d\uac00\ub85c \uc5ec\uaca8\uc84c\ub358 \ub3d9\uc720\ub7fd\uc5d0\uc11c \uac15\ub82c\ud558\uace0 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ub3d9\uc720\ub7fd \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc740 \ucd5c\uadfc \ub09c\ubbfc \ubb38\uc81c \ubc0f \uc9d1\uad8c\uc138\ub825\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ub41c \ubd80\ud328\uc0ac\uac74\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc88c\uc6b0\ud30c \uae09\uc9c4\uc815\ub2f9\uc774 \uc815\uad8c\uc744 \uc7a1\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc0ac\ubc95\ubd80\uc758 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uacfc \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc0ac\ud68c \uacf5\uac04\uc774 \uc81c\ud55c\uc744 \ubc1b\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9\uc73c\ub85c \ubbf8\uce7c \ud074\ub9ac\ub9c8\uac00 \ub9d0\ud588\ub4ef\uc774, \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc0ac\ud68c\uac00 \ub2e4\ub978 \ubb34\uc5c7\uacfc\ub3c4 \ub300\uccb4\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uace0\uc720\uc758 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uba74 \uadf8 \uc790\ub9ac\uc5d0\ub294 \ud6c4\uacac\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \ub610\ub294 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c\ub9cc\uc774 \uc790\ub9ac \uc7a1\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2019.0<\/strong>7<\/strong>.<\/strong>10<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trans. by Kherlen.Z<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

VULNERABLE POINT OF POST-COMMUNISM  \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub85c \uc804\ud658\ub41c \uc774\ud6c4\ub85c \ubd80\uc815\ubd80\ud328\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ub41c \uc0ac\uac74\ub4e4\uc774 \uc6b0\ub9ac \uc0ac\ud68c\uc640 \uc815\uce58 \ud658\uacbd\uc744 \uc815\uc758\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub1cc\ubb3c\uc744 \ube44\ub86f\ud558\uc5ec \uad8c\ub825\uacfc \uace0\uc704\uacf5\uc9c1\uc758 \uac70\ub798 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \ubd80\uc870\ub9ac\ub97c \ud1b5\uc0c1\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubd80\uc815\ubd80\ud328\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub974\uace0 \uc788\uace0, \uc774\ub97c \uc5c6\uc560\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ud574\uacb0\ucc45\uc744 \ubaa8\uc0c9\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc624\ub298\ub0a0\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub800\ub2e4. \ubd80\uc815\ubd80\ud328\ub294 \ud615\ud0dc\uc640 \ubaa8\uc591\uc774 \ub2e4\uc591\ud558\uba70, \uac01\uac01 \ub2e4\ub978 \ud574\uacb0 \ubc29\ubc95\uc774 \uc694\uad6c\ub41c\ub2e4. \ubabd\uace8\ucc98\ub7fc \uacbd\uc81c\uac00 \uc57d\ud55c \uac1c\ubc1c\ub3c4\uc0c1\uad6d\uc5d0 \uac00\uc7a5 \ud070 \ub3c4\uc804\uc774 \ub418\ub294 \ubd80\uc815\ubd80\ud328\ub97c \ud504\ub79c\uc2dc\uc2a4 \ud6c4\ucfe0\uc57c\ub9c8\uac00 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":10452,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[193],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[268],"class_list":{"0":"post-12855","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-article-ko"},"authors":[{"term_id":268,"user_id":4,"is_guest":0,"slug":"haluinaamgmail-com","display_name":"Jargal Defacto","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/jargaldefacto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/JD2-scaled.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/jargaldefacto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/JD2-scaled.jpg"},"author_category":"","first_name":"Jargal","last_name":"Defacto","user_url":"https:\/\/jargaldefacto.com\/","job_title":"","description":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jargaldefacto.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12855","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jargaldefacto.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jargaldefacto.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jargaldefacto.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jargaldefacto.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12855"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/jargaldefacto.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12855\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12858,"href":"https:\/\/jargaldefacto.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12855\/revisions\/12858"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jargaldefacto.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10452"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jargaldefacto.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12855"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jargaldefacto.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12855"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jargaldefacto.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12855"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jargaldefacto.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fppma_author&post=12855"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}