{"id":12825,"date":"2021-02-19T17:40:00","date_gmt":"2021-02-19T09:40:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/172-105-121-241.ip.linodeusercontent.com\/?p=12825"},"modified":"2023-10-25T15:53:45","modified_gmt":"2023-10-25T07:53:45","slug":"%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%b4%d1%87%d0%b8%d0%bb%d0%bb%d1%8b%d0%bd-%d2%af%d0%bd%d1%8d-%d1%86%d1%8d%d0%bd%d1%8d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jargaldefacto.com\/?p=12825&lang=zh-hans","title":{"rendered":"\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u4ef7\u503c"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

THE VALUE OF DEMOCRACY<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u591a\u6570\u8868\u51b3\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u90fd\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u3002\u591a\u6570\u610f\u89c1\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u786e\u4fdd\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u6743\u76ca\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u88ab\u4eba\u4eec\u7b49\u540c\u770b\u5f85\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u6c11\u4e3b\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u539f\u5219\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u3002 \u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u5e94\u8be5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5e94\u4ee5\u591a\u6570\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u6240\u6709\u516c\u6c11\u8ba4\u53ef\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u516c\u8bc1\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u62a4\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5c0a\u91cd\u4eba\u6743\u7b49\u7b49\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8499\u53e4\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u53c8\u662f\u600e\u6837\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u6bd4\u8f83\u719f\u6089Freedom House\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u6784\u4e3b\u8981\u9488\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8fdb\u884c\u8861\u91cf\u5e76\u505a\u51fa\u6392\u540d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e3b\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e00\u4e0b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4eba\u667a\u5e93\uff08The Economist Intelligence Unit\uff09\u6574\u7406\u76842020\u5e74\u8861\u91cf\u6c11\u4e3b\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u540d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u544a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u98ce\u8c8c<\/strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4eba\u667a\u5e93\uff08EIU\uff09\u8fde\u7eed14\u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u6c11\u4e3b\u6307\u6570\u3002\u8be5\u6307\u6570\u662f\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u72b6\u6001\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u5206\u6570\u3002\u6c11\u4e3b\u6307\u6570\u7684\u5206\u6570\u662f\u57280\u81f410\u5206\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5168\u9762\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u5206\u6570\u662f\u57288-10 \u5206\u4e4b\u95f4 (full democracy)\uff0c\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3a6-7.9\u5206 (flawed democracy)\uff0c\u6df7\u5408\u653f\u6743\u4e3a4-5.9\u5206 (hybrid regime),\uff0c\u800c\u72ec\u88c1\u653f\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6(authoritarian regime)\u5219\u5c11\u4e8e4\u5206\u7b49\u56db\u4e2a\u7b49\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u622a\u81f32020\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u7403167\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5360\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u53e38.4\uff05\u768423\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5168\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5360\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u53e3\u768441\uff05\u768452\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3a\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u5360\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u53e315\uff05\u768435\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3a\u6df7\u5408\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u5360\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u53e335.6\u768457\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3a\u72ec\u88c1\u653f\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u4ee5\u4e0a\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u72ec\u88c1\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5357\u8fb9\u548c\u5317\u8fb9\u7684\u90bb\u56fd\u3002\u5230\u4e862020\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5206\u6570\u6709\u6240\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u4e9a\u6d32\u7684\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u97e9\u56fd\u548c\u53f0\u6e7e\u6b63\u671d\u7740\u5b8c\u5168\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u8fc8\u8fdb\uff0c\u800c\u6cd5\u56fd\u548c\u8461\u8404\u7259\u5219\u6ca6\u4e3a\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728167\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e2d\u8499\u53e4\u56fd\u4ee56.48\u5206\u6392\u5728\u4e86\u7b2c61\u4f4d\u3002\u5728\u533a\u57df\u6392\u540d\u4e2d\u6392\u5728\u7b2c10\u540d\uff0c\u5904\u5728\u4e86\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0d\u4e0a\u4e0d\u4e0b\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u3002\u5728\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5177\u5907\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u516c\u8bc1\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u76ca\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5a92\u4f53\u81ea\u7531\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u53c2\u4e0e\u76f8\u5bf9\u8584\u5f31\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5f62\u6210\u89c4\u6a21\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u56fe<\/strong>1. <\/strong>\u4e16\u754c\u6c11\u4e3b\u6307\u6570\uff1a<\/strong>2020<\/strong>\u5e74<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u6458\u81ea : \u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eba\u667a\u5e93The Economist Intelligence Unit<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8499\u53e4\u56fd\u66fe\u7ecf\u57282014-2016\u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f97\u5230\u8fc7\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u6307\u6570\u5206\u6570\uff0c6.62\u5206\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u9009\u4e3e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u591a\u5143\u5316(electoral process and pluralism)\u4ee5\u53ca\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6743\u76ca(civil liberties)\u7b49\u662f\u5f97\u5206\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u51e0\u9879\u3002\u4f46\u662f2020\u5e74\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u591a\u5143\u5316\u65b9\u9762\u4e0b\u964d\u4e860.42\u5206\uff0c\u5728\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\u6743\u76ca\u65b9\u9762\u4e0b\u964d\u4e861.48\u5206\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u53c2\u4e0e\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\u7b49\u6807\u51c6\u5206\u522b\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e860.56\u548c0.63\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u768415\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8499\u53e4\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u72b6\u51b5\u5f97\u5206\u4ece6.60\u4e0b\u964d\u5230\u4e866.48\u5206\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8499\u53e4\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u6307\u6570\u88ab\u5361\u5728\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u522b\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9009\u4e3e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u591a\u5143\u5316\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u804c\u80fd\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\u8fd9\u4e94\u7c7b\u5171\u540c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u8861\u91cf\u6c11\u4e3b\u6307\u6570\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6ee1\u8db3\u81ea\u7531\u516c\u6b63\u9009\u4e3e\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u522b\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u57282020\u5e74\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5927\u547c\u62c9\u5c14\uff08\u8bae\u4f1a\uff09\u9009\u4e3e\u5ba3\u4f20\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7269\u8eab\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u902e\u6355\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u902e\u6355\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f88\u591a\u90fd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f71\u54cd\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u6709\u5229\u65f6\u95f4\u800c\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u3002\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u56fd\u5bb6\u867d\u7136\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u65b0\u95fb\u5a92\u4f53\uff0c\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u4e5f\u5f88\u53d1\u8fbe\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5a92\u4f53\u591a\u6570\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u73b0\u4efb\u653f\u5e9c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5b98\u5458\u548c\u524d\u4efb\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u5236\u7ea6\u3002 \u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8c08\u8bba\u65b0\u95fb\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u591a\u5143\u5316\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u771f\u7684\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u5bb9\u5fcd\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u4e0d\u540c\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u53f8\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5a92\u4f53\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5bcc\u4eba\uff0c\u94f6\u884c\u5bb6\u548c\u5927\u8d22\u56e2\u7684\u624b\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8150\u8d25\u7316\u7357\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u91cd\u5927\u6848\u4ef6\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u6ca1\u6709\u5224\u5b9a\u3002 \u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53c2\u4e0e\u6025\u5267\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8499\u53e4\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u6307\u6570\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6bd4\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u5206\u6570\u6709\u6240\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2021.02.19<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trans. by Gerelchimeg.N<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

THE VALUE OF DEMOCRACY \u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u591a\u6570\u8868\u51b3\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u90fd\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u3002\u591a\u6570\u610f\u89c1\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u786e\u4fdd\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u6743\u76ca\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u7684\u3002 \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u88ab\u4eba\u4eec\u7b49\u540c\u770b\u5f85\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u6c11\u4e3b\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u539f\u5219\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u3002 \u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u5e94\u8be5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5e94\u4ee5\u591a\u6570\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u6240\u6709\u516c\u6c11\u8ba4\u53ef\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u516c\u8bc1\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u62a4\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5c0a\u91cd\u4eba\u6743\u7b49\u7b49\u5185\u5bb9\u3002 \u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8499\u53e4\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u53c8\u662f\u600e\u6837\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u6bd4\u8f83\u719f\u6089Freedom House\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u6784\u4e3b\u8981\u9488\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8fdb\u884c\u8861\u91cf\u5e76\u505a\u51fa\u6392\u540d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e3b\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e00\u4e0b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4eba\u667a\u5e93\uff08The Economist Intelligence Unit\uff09\u6574\u7406\u76842020\u5e74\u8861\u91cf\u6c11\u4e3b\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u540d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u544a\u3002 \u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u98ce\u8c8c  \u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4eba\u667a\u5e93\uff08EIU\uff09\u8fde\u7eed14\u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u6c11\u4e3b\u6307\u6570\u3002\u8be5\u6307\u6570\u662f\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u72b6\u6001\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u5206\u6570\u3002\u6c11\u4e3b\u6307\u6570\u7684\u5206\u6570\u662f\u57280\u81f410\u5206\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5168\u9762\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u5206\u6570\u662f\u57288-10 \u5206\u4e4b\u95f4 (full democracy)\uff0c\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3a6-7.9\u5206 (flawed democracy)\uff0c\u6df7\u5408\u653f\u6743\u4e3a4-5.9\u5206 (hybrid regime),\uff0c\u800c\u72ec\u88c1\u653f\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6(authoritarian regime)\u5219\u5c11\u4e8e4\u5206\u7b49\u56db\u4e2a\u7b49\u7ea7\u3002 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\u8499\u53e4\u56fd\u66fe\u7ecf\u57282014-2016\u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f97\u5230\u8fc7\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u6307\u6570\u5206\u6570\uff0c6.62\u5206\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u9009\u4e3e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u591a\u5143\u5316(electoral process and pluralism)\u4ee5\u53ca\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6743\u76ca(civil liberties)\u7b49\u662f\u5f97\u5206\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u51e0\u9879\u3002\u4f46\u662f2020\u5e74\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u591a\u5143\u5316\u65b9\u9762\u4e0b\u964d\u4e860.42\u5206\uff0c\u5728\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\u6743\u76ca\u65b9\u9762\u4e0b\u964d\u4e861.48\u5206\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u53c2\u4e0e\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\u7b49\u6807\u51c6\u5206\u522b\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e860.56\u548c0.63\u5206\u3002 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